How to Laser Engrave on Leather: Settigs and Steps you need to know

For a long time, leather has been an indispensable part of all walks of life, from fashion accessories to home decoration, automobiles, etc. Its unique natural texture, outstanding durability and wide applicability make it an ideal choice for creative expression. Creators can add personalized designs, logos or patterns to leather through hand engraving, hot soldering iron engraving and laser engraving, among which laser engraving stands out for its high precision and complex craftsmanship. Through laser engraving, it is possible to create nuanced textures and patterns on the leather surface, or eye-catching logos. In this blog, we will delve into the key aspects of laser engrave on leather.

1. Category of leather materials suitable for laser engraving

In laser engraving, not all leather is the same. The type, thickness, and composition of leather significantly affect the quality of engraving. The following is a list of some leather materials sorted by their compatibility with laser engraving:

1.1 High compatibility

• Vegetable-tanned leather: This kind of leather is made from natural organic elements, unprocessed on the surface, highly receptive to laser, capable of carving clear and highly complex patterns, very suitable for making leather engraving crafts, handbags, backpacks, harnesses, insoles, linings, hat collars, belts, etc. These products often require fine patterns and textures, and the high adaptability of vegetable-tanned leather makes it an ideal choice.
  
• Full-grain leather: It retains the natural texture and defects of the leather, and can obtain a clear, fine and deep effect when engraving. This kind of leather is suitable for making high-quality carved products, such as luxury fashion products (such as leather backpacks and leather bags), high-end furniture interiors, car interiors, and personalized gifts (such as wallets and briefcases). 
  

1.2 Medium compatibility

• Top grain leather: After polishing, it has a uniform and smooth texture. The power required for laser engraving is lower and the speed is faster, resulting in clear and detailed effects. Top grain leather is suitable for making fashionable leather goods (such as handbags, wallets, belts), clothing and accessories (such as leather jackets, leather shoes, leather hats), household items (such as leather sofas, leather beds), and indoor decorations (such as leather tables, leather chairs). Its high quality and durability make it an ideal choice for high-end products.
  
• Suede and frosted leather: They hasve softer touch and are suitable for thermal transfer engraving. The engraving effect may not be as strong as that of high-grade leather, but the engraving details of frosted leather are finer than that of suede. Suede and frosted leather are usually used in upper, clothing, sofa leather and other fields. The softness and comfort of these leathers make them perform well in these fields.
  

1.3 Low compatibility

• Recycled leather: Made by bonding leather fragments with polyurethane or latex, it has lower quality and poor durability. The laser engraving may not be very clear, and it is recommended to use lower engraving power to avoid burning. Recycled leather is generally used to make products that do not require high precision in laser engraving, such as some low-end handicrafts.
  
• Artificial leather: Also known as PCV/PU, the surface feels similar to leather, but the breathability and wear resistance are not as good as leather, and it is easy to fade. When laser engraving, special attention needs to be paid to the laser setting to avoid burning or toxic fumes. Artificial leather is usually used to make artificial leather clothing, bags and other products.
• Chrome-tanned leather: This leather has a surface that is not as dry and hard, with good flexibility, suitable for occasions that require bending or stretching. The engraving effect is clean, but not as clear as vegetable-tanned leather. Chrome-tanned leather is widely used in the fields of footwear, bags, clothing, and more. Due to its flexibility and durability, chrome-tanned leather meets the design and functional requirements of different products.
  

2. Laser engraver recommendation: EM-Smart Dual

EM - Smart Dual, as a compact desktop laser engraver, is the best choice for leather laser engraving. It is equipped with a high-power and stable laser source that can output precise and controllable energy, ensuring fine engraving on leather, whether it is complex patterns or fine text, which can be clearly presented. Its optical path system effectively improves the transmission efficiency and spot quality of the laser, making the engraving lines and edges smoother. In addition, it has excellent compatibility, which can be adapted to various materials and thicknesses of leather, meeting diverse engraving needs. Therefore, EM - Smart Dual is an excellent choice for leather laser engraving, for the following reasons:

2.1 Dual light sources and performance​

EM-Smart Dual is equipped with a 20W Fiber +20W Diode dual laser system, providing higher power and efficiency. It is capable of handling leather of different thicknesses, from thin and delicate leather for fine design to thick leather for small commercial use. The dual light sources switch quickly and work together to ensure consistent engraving quality across the entire leather.

2.2 Precision and accuracy

EM-Smart Dual can achieve extremely fine engraving with repart accuracy of ±0.002mm and a kerf of only 0.15mm. Whether you are working with fine lines, small text or complex patterns, the high precision of the machine ensures that every detail is accurately captured. The 800w high-resolution camera minimizes error, resulting in a professional-looking finished product.

2.3 Compatibility and operability

EM-Smart Dual not only excels in leather carving, but also shines on commonly used carving materials such as wood, acrylic, metal, plastic, and stone slabs, all on its stage. In terms of operation, EM-Smart Dual has smooth and stable lifting, and is connected to the machine with only two data cables, making it a beginner-friendly device.

2.4 User-friendly interface

The device works with LightBurn, takes only 3.28 seconds to import, and is highly intuitive, even for first-time users. Support SVG, DXF, PDF and other common design file formats to ensure seamless transmission of design data. In the LightBurn interface, users can easily adjust parameters such as power, speed, frequency, focal length, etc., so as to achieve precise control of the engraving process.

2.5 Safety and environment-friendly

Safety is the primary consideration and EM-Smart Dual has been designed with multiple safety features. It has an emergency stop button to shut down immediately in case of any problems. The machine is also equipped with laser eye protection, and a protective enclosure around the laser area prevents accidental exposure to the laser beam. In addition, no extra waste is generated during the work process, and the built-in ventilation system can effectively remove the smoke generated during the leather carving process, ensuring that the work is more environmentally friendly.

3. Step-by-step guide to leather engraving

3.1 Preparation of materials and machines​

• Selection of leather: According to the project requirements and the above suitability information, select the appropriate leather. Ensure that the leather surface is clean and free of dust, oil and other contaminants that may affect the quality of the engraving.​
• Machine preparation: Set EM-Smart Dual according to the operating instructions. Check the laser head for signs of damage or misalignment. Clean the lens and camera to ensure that the laser beam is clear and focused. At the same time, ensure that the engraving table is level and stable.​
• Fixing thr position of leather: If the surface of leather is small, use a fixture or related device to firmly fix the leather on the engraving table. This prevents the leather from moving during engraving, which can lead to blurred or misaligned designs. Under normal circumstances, the leather can be placed in the center of the operation format.

3.2. Machine connection and software selection

• Connect the machine: Use the two included USB cables to connect EM-Smart Dual to the computer. Turn on the machine, and it is considered successfully booted once the power light turns on and the dust extraction system starts.
  
• Install and launch the software: Install the LightBurn system on your computer to ensure that the machine is successfully connected to LightBurn, and then familiarize yourself with different parts of the software, such as the design workspace, parameter adjustment panel, and file management options, and set the relevant parameters.

3.3 Import files

• Preparation of deisgn: Before importing engraving files, ensure that the design file format is compatible with LightBurn software. Vector-based file formats such as SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) and DXF (Drawing Interchange Format) are ideal. If your design was originally in raster format, such as the common JPEG or PNG, you need to convert it to vector format with professional graphics software, such as full-featured Adobe Illustrator or open-source Inkscape. In the process of conversion, the graphic details need to be carefully checked to ensure that there is no omission of lines and no deformation of graphics, so as to ensure that the quality of the converted documents meets the engraving requirements.
• File import: When the design file is ready, open LightBurn software. In the upper left menu bar click "File", select "Import",. In the file browser, find the folder where the engraving design file is stored. Select the target file and click "Open". The design file will be loaded into the workspace of LightBurn software.
• After the file is successfully imported, you can preview the design effect in the workspace. If there are deviations in size, position or orientation, they can be adjusted using the tools of LightBurn software. For example, use the "Select" tool on the left toolbar to select the graphic, drag the control point to zoom; use the "Move" tool to move the pattern to the appropriate position; use the "Rotate" tool to enter angle fine-tuning in the property bar. Adjust repeatedly to the ideal state to prepare for subsequent parameter setting and engraving.​
  

3.4 Parameter settings

• Power: Start with a relatively low power setting, typically around 20 - 40% of the maximum power of the EM - Smart Dual. Thicker leathers may require more power, while thinner or more delicate leathers require less power to avoid burning through the material.
  
• Speed: The speed at which the laser moves on the leather will affect the depth and color depth of the engraving. A slower speed results in a darker, darker engraving, while a faster speed provides in a lighter, lighter engraving. Starting from speeds from 1000mm/s to 1500mm/s and adjusted according to the test results on scrap leather.
  
• Frequency: Laser pulse frequency will affect the smoothness and quality of engraving. For leather engraving, the frequency range of 20 - 40kHz usually works well. Higher frequencies can produce smoother sculpting effects, but may require lower power settings to prevent overheating.​
  
• Focal length: Make sure that the laser is correctly focused on the leather surface. The EM-Smart Dual machine has an autofocus function, but if necessary, you can also manually adjust the focal length. Good focusing is essential to achieve clear and accurate engraving.

3.5 Protective measures

• Personal protection: Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment when operating laser engraving machines. This includes laser goggles specifically designed to block the laser wavelengths used by EM-Smart Dual. In addition, close the protective shell when the machine is in operation to protect your hands from heat and any potential smoke.
  
• Ventilation: Make sure the work area is well ventilated. Leather engraving produces fumes that can be harmful if inhaled. The smoke is evacuated from the work area using the EM-Smart Dual's dust extraction system.
  

3.6 Trial engraving on the border leather

• Before engraving on the final leather product, always make a trial carving on a scrap leather of the same type and thickness. Use initial parameter settings and adjust them according to trial results. Pay attention to the depth, sharpness and color of the engraving. Once you are satisfied with the results of the trial, record the optimal parameter settings for the actual project.
  

3.7 Start engraving​

• Final Check: Double-check all settings, the red preview alignment of the design, and the whether the fixation of leather is secured on the engraving table. Make sure the work area is free of loose items or distractions.
• Start engraving: In lightBurn, click the "Start" or "Sculpture" button. EM - Smart Dual will start the engraving process and the laser will move on the leather according to the design files. Monitor the engraving process closely, but do not touch the machine or leather during the engraving process. If there is any problem, such as abnormal noise, immediately stop engraving and troubleshoot the problem.

3.8 Nursing work after leather engraving

• Cleaning: After engraving, there will be dust and debris on the leather surface. Gently brush it off with a soft and clean brush (such as a makeup brush and a professional leather brush). If there are stubborn stains, you can dip a small amount of mild leather cleaner, test it in an inconspicuous place, confirm that there is no damage, then wipe it, and finally dry it with a soft cloth.
• Maintenance: Regularly use high-quality leather care oil or cream for maintenance, apply evenly and gently rub to help it penetrate. Vegetable-tanned leather can be appropriately increased in the frequency of care to stabilize the carving color and maintain the texture. Full-grain leather and top-grain leather should be maintained at the regular frequency, pay attention to even application, and prevent excessive care in local areas.
• Storage: Store the engraved leather products in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place, away from direct sunlight, to prevent the leather from fading and cracking. If it is not used for a long time, some desiccant can be placed in the leather product to absorb possible moisture and ensure that the leather is always in good condition.
  

4. Commercial use of leather engraving

4.1 Fashion accessaries

• Luggage products: The brand adds exclusive logos, characteristic patterns or customized details to the surface of bags and wallets through laser engraving process to strengthen brand recognition and enhance product attractiveness.
• Leather accessories: The use of laser engraving technology on belts or others to present exquisite designs can not only effectively enhance the uniqueness of the product, but also add its luxurious texture and personalized elements.
• Leather Footwear: Laser engraving technology can be used on leather shoe surfaces to present brand names, decorative patterns, or customer-customized designs, greatly enhancing the overall visual effect and brand value of the product.

4.2 Gifts and Promotions

• Gift customization: Laser engraved on leather products, such as diaries, photo albums, key rings, etc., is a high-quality personalized gift option for special occasions. These customized products can give the item unique attributes and meet the individual needs of the recipient.
• Corporate gifts and promotional materials: Enterprises often choose laser-engraved leather products, such as briefcases, tablet cases, business card holders, etc., as corporate gifts or promotional materials. 

4.3 Souvenirs about craftwork

• Souvenir of event: Cultural activities souvenirs can engrave the event logo, thematic elements such as the logo of an art exhibition or a painting, on leather keychains. Sports event souvenirs can engrave the emblem, mascot, etc., such as the World Cup logo, team emblem, on leather badges. Thematic exhibition souvenirs can engrave the theme patterns, symbols, like the cultural relics patterns in a historical and cultural exhibition, on leather bookmarks.
• Cultural and Creative Products for Tourism: Cultural and creative products for tourist attractions can engrave the outline, buildings of famous landmarks, such as the Eiffel Tower pattern, on leather wallets; traditional folk patterns, such as ethnic minority characteristics, can be engraved on coin purses; unique animals, plants, and geographical features of the attraction can be engraved on backpack accessories to promote the attraction.

4.4 Leather household products

• Table mats and coasters: Delicate patterns, patterns or customer personalized elements are engraved on leather table mats and coasters, such as family badges and personal mottos, which have both practical and decorative functions to enhance the style of the home.
• Wall art: Customize leather wall art through laser engraving to present complex artistic scenes or abstract patterns, adding an artistic atmosphere to the home, suitable for high-end residences, villas, and specialty hotels and guesthouses for soft furnishings.

5. Conclusion

Leather laser engraving, as a precise and highly creative technology, shows extensive possibilities in the fields of customization and commercial applications. A deep understanding of various leather materials, the selection of high-quality equipment such as EM-Smart Dual, and adherence to standardized operational procedures are conducive to achieving ideal engraving effects. Whether it is for craft professionals committed to creating unique leather products or for enterprises looking to expand their product categories, mastering leather laser engraving technology holds significant value.